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Summary

Social Justice Class 03

## TRANSGENDER (05:07 PM)

- A transgender person is someone whose gender identity differs from that typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth.
- Crossdressers (Kapil Sharma show characters) are not transgender in our context.
- **NALSA JUDGEMENT**
- SC observed transgender should be recognised as a third gender, should be given OBC reservation and should have a commission to protect the rights of the transgenders.
- **LIVING AS A GHOST CITIZEN**
- Census 2011: 4.8 lakh transgenders are there in India, But this data is not complete as reporting transgender sex is a stigma.
- Only 30000 registered with the election commission.
- 99% have suffered social rejection.
- 89% are denied the job despite the required qualifications.
- 62% are verbally abused in schools.
- only 2% live with their parents and 53% live under the Guru-Chela system.
- **PROVISION TO PROTECT**
- Garima greh to provide shelter and food.
- Hudol initiative of Manipur-1st football team.
- kerala first state to make policy.
- **CHALLENGES.**
- Health: HIV is high in the general population.
- Livelihood: Because of the rejection they are the victim of social ostracization as a result indulges in the profession of sex work etc.
- No representation in the legislature.
- Limited access to education and skill development.
- They are subjected to different forms of abuse- mental, emotional and sexual.
- Legal hurdles in getting documents.
- Lack of inheritance right in their favour.
- Administrative apathy towards the community.
- Lack of gender-neutral ICT provisions.
- **WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE.**
- Introduction of scholarship to encourage them to pursue their dreams.
- Gender-neutral laws.
- Dedicated anti-discrimination bill.
- Sensitisation of all the stakeholders.
- Psychological counselling
- Efforts to make social welfare schemes accessible to the community.
- Give effect to the SC judgement.
- **TRANSGENDER ACT**
- Right to self-identification by obtaining a certificate from the District Magistrate.
- National Council for Transgender-Statutory Body is not constitutional.
- Provide Health care facilities -HIV surveillance centre, Sex reassignment surgery.
- Welfare by the government, rehabilitation, and Implementation of policies.
- **TRANSGENDER PERSON (Protection of rights rules) 2000**
- DM will certify the gender of a person based on the affidavit without physical examination.

## PERSON WITH DISABILITY (05:36 PM)

- Disability is defined as a lack of ability to perform an activity which is otherwise considered normal. It is a negatively connoted term and hence differently abled should be used.
- Often the differently abled person is reduced to being disabled due to public perception of disability where they are often pitied ridiculed or considered as a retribution of the past karma for which there is no respite.
- **STATISTICS**
- 56% men and 46% women among PWD.
- 69% are in rural areas.
- **CHALLENGES**
- Ambiguity concerning definition.
- Lack of credible data due to the mental stigma associated.
- Stereotypes as many consider disability as retribution of the old karma.
- Poverty and unemployment.
- Lack of infrastructure for health, infrastructure etc.
- **WAY FORWARD**
- Strict implementation of the policies and acts like a person with disability act.
- Please refer to the handout for the act.

## POVERTY (06:13 PM)

- Poverty refers to the deprivation of basic capabilities of life rather than merely lowness of Income- **Amartya Sen**
- Poverty is a multidimensional concept.
- You are well placed but not able to preserve culture this is also a poverty.
- Poverty is a violation of human rights only when it is the action or inaction of the government.
- Government developmental policy and displacement of tribals then is the violation of the human rights of the tribals.
- **GOVERNMENT EFFORTS**
- National Social Assistance Programme.
- MGNREGA
- Ujjwala Yojana
- Standup India
- Doubling farmer income
- PMKSY
- **ACHIEVEMENTS (06:28 PM)**
- Concerning achievement, India's multidimensional poverty has reduced to 11.28% in 2022-23, this means according to NITI Aayog 24.82 cr people have moved out of multidimensional poverty.
- Among the states, Bihar, UP and MP saw the largest decline in the number of poor.
- In terms of percentage of their population, Bihar pulled out 7% of its population from multidimensional poverty.
- **CAUSES OF POVERTY (06:35 PM)**
- **Economic**
- Agriculture is in distress
- Immobility of labour
- Lack of investment in Human capital
- Lack of equal pay for equal work
- Jobless growth
- Inflation as it affects the purchasing capacity.
- Mechanisation along with AI-Displacement of labour
- Land alienation
- **Demography**
- The number of dependent populations is increasing
- The health profile of individuals also defines and determines poverty.
- **Socio-cultural Cause**
- Caste system
- Patriarchy
- **Political and Administration**
- Corruption
- Climate change
- Conflict and COVID
- Exclusion error.
- **GOVERNMENT EFFORTS**
- Please refer to the Handouts.
- **APPROACHES TO TACKLE POVERTY**
- The capability approach by Amartya Sen Entitlements is significant in reducing poverty. Example Kerala model.
- Jadish Bhagwati economic growth model: Growth in the economy will trickle down. Example: Gujarat Model of Development.

## HUNGER (07:00 PM)

- **Hunger is defined as a condition of distress associated with a lack of food**
- **CAUSES**
- Lack of food, The reason of which can be diverse:
- Social pathologies
- Wastage of food
- Lack of storage and warehousing facility.
- Cereal-specific green revolution because of which there is a lack of diversified diet.
- Macdonaldisation of food habits.
- Adulteration of food.
- Increased prices.
- **IMPLICATIONS (07:20 PM)**
- Limited ability to skill
- Increased chances of poverty
- Lack of absorption of nutrition by the body.
- **CHALLENGES**
- Social structure
- Weak implementation of schemes as it is top-down and not convergent
- Lack of qualified human resources.
- The fragility of the globalised food system.
- Shift in diet and lifestyle.
- Macdonaldisation of food habits.
- **WAY FORWARD**
- Create awareness.
- Strictly monitor the adulteration.
- Mitigate climate change-Build green infra.
- Collect good-quality data.
- Fortification and biofortification.
- Women as an agency of change.

## The topic for the next class is health

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